Consume hcaptcha and pwn deps (#22610)

This PR just consumes the
[hcaptcha](https://gitea.com/jolheiser/hcaptcha) and
[haveibeenpwned](https://gitea.com/jolheiser/pwn) modules directly into
Gitea.

Also let this serve as a notice that I'm fine with transferring my
license (which was already MIT) from my own name to "The Gitea Authors".

Signed-off-by: jolheiser <john.olheiser@gmail.com>

modules/password/pwn/pwn.go

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package pwn
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/sha1"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
+)
+
+const passwordURL = "https://api.pwnedpasswords.com/range/"
+
+// ErrEmptyPassword is an empty password error
+var ErrEmptyPassword = errors.New("password cannot be empty")
+
+// Client is a HaveIBeenPwned client
+type Client struct {
+	ctx  context.Context
+	http *http.Client
+}
+
+// New returns a new HaveIBeenPwned Client
+func New(options ...ClientOption) *Client {
+	client := &Client{
+		ctx:  context.Background(),
+		http: http.DefaultClient,
+	}
+
+	for _, opt := range options {
+		opt(client)
+	}
+
+	return client
+}
+
+// ClientOption is a way to modify a new Client
+type ClientOption func(*Client)
+
+// WithHTTP will set the http.Client of a Client
+func WithHTTP(httpClient *http.Client) func(pwnClient *Client) {
+	return func(pwnClient *Client) {
+		pwnClient.http = httpClient
+	}
+}
+
+// WithContext will set the context.Context of a Client
+func WithContext(ctx context.Context) func(pwnClient *Client) {
+	return func(pwnClient *Client) {
+		pwnClient.ctx = ctx
+	}
+}
+
+func newRequest(ctx context.Context, method, url string, body io.ReadCloser) (*http.Request, error) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, method, url, body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	req.Header.Add("User-Agent", "Gitea "+setting.AppVer)
+	return req, nil
+}
+
+// CheckPassword returns the number of times a password has been compromised
+// Adding padding will make requests more secure, however is also slower
+// because artificial responses will be added to the response
+// For more information, see https://www.troyhunt.com/enhancing-pwned-passwords-privacy-with-padding/
+func (c *Client) CheckPassword(pw string, padding bool) (int, error) {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(pw) == "" {
+		return -1, ErrEmptyPassword
+	}
+
+	sha := sha1.New()
+	sha.Write([]byte(pw))
+	enc := hex.EncodeToString(sha.Sum(nil))
+	prefix, suffix := enc[:5], enc[5:]
+
+	req, err := newRequest(c.ctx, http.MethodGet, fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", passwordURL, prefix), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return -1, nil
+	}
+	if padding {
+		req.Header.Add("Add-Padding", "true")
+	}
+
+	resp, err := c.http.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return -1, err
+	}
+
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return -1, err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	for _, pair := range strings.Split(string(body), "\n") {
+		parts := strings.Split(pair, ":")
+		if len(parts) != 2 {
+			continue
+		}
+		if strings.EqualFold(suffix, parts[0]) {
+			count, err := strconv.ParseInt(strings.TrimSpace(parts[1]), 10, 64)
+			if err != nil {
+				return -1, err
+			}
+			return int(count), nil
+		}
+	}
+	return 0, nil
+}